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Sharla K. Ames, PhD, Researcher, and Bekey M. Gorham, RD, Research Nutritionist, both of the Children's Nutrition Research Center of the United States Department of Agriculture, and Steven A. Abrams, MD, Professor of Pediatrics at Balyor College of Medicine, wrote in their 1999 article titled "Effects of High Compared with Low Calcium Intake on Calcium Absorption and Incorporation of Iron by Red Blood Cells in Small Children," published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition:

“This study was designed to evaluate the relation between calcium intake and calcium absorption and iron incorporation into red blood cells…

We performed a multitracer, crossover study of the absorption of calcium and red blood cell incorporation of iron in 11 preschool children aged 3-5 y who had been adapted for 5 wk to low- (502 ± 99 mg) and high- (1180 ± 117 mg) calcium diets…

Increasing the subjects’ calcium intake was done by providing menus with relatively more calcium, principally from dairy sources…

For the studies with high calcium diets, 120 mL milk was used; 60 mL milk was used in the low-calcium diets…

We suggest that small children may benefit from calcium intakes similar to those recommended for older children with no adverse effects on dietary iron utilization.”

1999