Pro

Ekhard Ziegler, MD, Professor Emeritus in the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Iowa, in a Nov. 2011 study published in Nutrition Reviews titled "Consumption of Cow's Milk as a Cause of Iron Deficiency in Infants and Toddlers," wrote:

“Consumption of cow’s milk (CM) by infants and toddlers has adverse effects on their iron stores, a finding that has been well documented in many localities. Several mechanisms have been identified that may contribute to iron deficiency in this young population group… [including] the inhibition of non-heme iron absorption by calcium and casein, both of which are present in high amounts in CM. Fortification of CM with iron, as practiced in some countries, can protect infants and toddlers against CM’s negative effects on iron status… It is thus recommended that unmodified, unfortified CM not be fed to infants and that it be fed to toddlers in modest amounts only.”

Nov. 2011